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More than 20 years of experience in molecular structure generation, from conceptualization through to applications Innovative, interdisciplinary text demonstrating example queries with software packages such as MOLGEN-online Detailed explanations on establishing QSPRs and QSARs as well as structure elucidation using mass spectrometry and structure generation. Aims and Scope This work provides an introduction to mathematical modeling of molecules and the resulting applications (structure generation, structure elucidation, QSAR/QSPR etc.). Most chemists have experimented with some software that represents molecules in an electronic form, and such models and applications are of increasing interest in diverse and growing fields such as drug discovery, environmental science and metabolomics. Furthermore, structure generation remains the only way to systematically create molecules that are not (yet) present in a database. This book starts with the mathematical theory behind representing molecules, explaining chemical concepts in mathematical terms and providing exercises that can be completed online. The later chapters cover applications of the theory, with detailed explanations on QSPR and QSAR investigations and finally structure elucidation combining mass spectrometry and structure generation. This book is aimed in particular at the users of structure generation methods and corresponding techniques, but also for those interested in teaching and learning mathematical chemistry, and for software designers in chemoinformatics.

Cheminformatics. --- Chemistry --- Mathematics. --- Chemoinformatics. --- Combinatorial Chemistry. --- Mass Spectra Classification. --- Mass Spectrometry. --- Mathematical Chemistry. --- Molecular Descriptor. --- Molecular Graph. --- Molecular Structure Elucidation. --- Molecular Structure Generation. --- Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship.

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Past research has comprehensively assessed the capabilities of satellite sensors operating at microwave frequencies, both active (SAR, scatterometers) and passive (radiometers), for the remote sensing of Earth’s surface. Besides brightness temperature and backscattering coefficient, microwave indices, defined as a combination of data collected at different frequencies and polarizations, revealed a good sensitivity to hydrological cycle parameters such as surface soil moisture, vegetation water content, and snow depth and its water equivalent. The differences between microwave backscattering and emission at more frequencies and polarizations have been well established in relation to these parameters, enabling operational retrieval algorithms based on microwave indices to be developed. This Special Issue aims at providing an overview of microwave signal capabilities in estimating the main land parameters of the hydrological cycle, e.g., soil moisture, vegetation water content, and snow water equivalent, on both local and global scales, with a particular focus on the applications of microwave indices.

time series analysis --- passive microwave soil moisture --- Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 --- Snow Depth and Snow Water Equivalent --- snow cover characteristics --- vegetation biomass --- roughness --- sea ice --- SMOS --- microwave radiometry --- soil moisture downscaling --- Vegetation Biomass --- vegetation index --- Terra MODIS --- Sentinel-1 --- Microwave Indices --- soil moisture content --- dual-frequency ratios --- SMAP --- passive microwave --- water-cloud model --- snow --- Sentinel-1 backscatter --- AMSR2 --- data fusion --- microwaves --- mountain region --- SAR --- start of season --- crops --- NDVI --- scatterometer --- Radarsat-2 --- polarization --- vegetation water content --- co-pol ratio --- active microwaves --- microwave indices --- harvest --- Microwave Radiometry --- soil moisture --- Soil Moisture Content --- snow correlation length --- radiometer --- radar --- soil scattering --- vegetation descriptor --- scale gap --- snow water equivalent

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This book presents recent research results related to various applications of computer vision methods in the widely understood contexts of automation and robotics. As the current progress of image analysis applications may be easily observed in various areas of everyday life, it becomes one of the most essential elements of development of Industry 4.0 solutions. Some of the examples, partially discussed in individual chapters, may be related to the visual navigation of mobile robots and drones, monitoring of industrial production lines, non-destructive evaluation and testing, monitoring of the IoT devices or the 3D printing process and the quality assessment of manufactured objects, video surveillance systems, and decision support in autonomous vehicles.

History of engineering & technology --- machine vision --- defect inspection --- image registration --- feature region --- contour point distribution --- edge gradient direction --- augmented reality --- calibration --- head mounted displays --- optical see-through display --- computer vision --- infrared pedestrian detection --- encoder-decoder --- attention --- convolutional neural network --- deep learning --- domain adaptation --- semantic segmentation --- generative adversarial networks --- convolutional neural networks --- aerial imagery --- image processing --- fertilizers --- distribution --- monitoring --- component association --- part recognition --- feature descriptor --- histogram --- feature subset selection --- industrial objects --- sorting --- k-NN algorithm --- transparent plastic granulate --- recycling --- air nozzles --- additive manufacturing --- 3D prints --- surface quality assessment --- image analysis --- combined metrics --- structural similarity --- video analysis --- visual inspection and diagnostics --- industrial and robotic vision systems

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Psychology --- Subject indexing --- Subject Headings --- Subject headings --- Psychologie --- Vedettes-matière --- terminology --- Abstracting and indexing --- Analyse et indexation des documents --- Psychology. --- Subject Headings. --- -Controlled vocabularies (Subject headings) --- Headings, Subject --- Indexing vocabularies --- Lists of subject headings --- Structured vocabularies (Subject headings) --- Subject authorities (Information retrieval) --- Subject authority files (Information retrieval) --- Subject authority records (Information retrieval) --- Subject heading lists --- Subject headings, English --- Vocabularies, Controlled (Subject headings) --- Vocabularies, Structured (Subject headings) --- Thesauri (Controlled vocabularies) --- Authority files (Information retrieval) --- Subject cataloging --- FRSAD (Conceptual model) --- Descriptors --- Descriptor --- Heading, Subject --- Subject Heading --- Unified Medical Language System --- Factors, Psychological --- Psychological Factors --- Psychological Side Effects --- Psychologists --- Psychosocial Factors --- Side Effects, Psychological --- Factor, Psychological --- Factor, Psychosocial --- Factors, Psychosocial --- Psychological Factor --- Psychological Side Effect --- Psychologist --- Psychosocial Factor --- Side Effect, Psychological --- -Psychology --- Vedettes-matière --- Controlled vocabularies (Subject headings) --- terminology.

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In order to measure and quantify the complex behavior of real-world systems, either novel mathematical approaches or modifications of classical ones are required to precisely predict, monitor, and control complicated chaotic and stochastic processes. Though the term of entropy comes from Greek and emphasizes its analogy to energy, today, it has wandered to different branches of pure and applied sciences and is understood in a rather rough way, with emphasis placed on the transition from regular to chaotic states, stochastic and deterministic disorder, and uniform and non-uniform distribution or decay of diversity. This collection of papers addresses the notion of entropy in a very broad sense. The presented manuscripts follow from different branches of mathematical/physical sciences, natural/social sciences, and engineering-oriented sciences with emphasis placed on the complexity of dynamical systems. Topics like timing chaos and spatiotemporal chaos, bifurcation, synchronization and anti-synchronization, stability, lumped mass and continuous mechanical systems modeling, novel nonlinear phenomena, and resonances are discussed.

n/a --- nonautonomous (autonomous) dynamical system --- stabilization --- multi-time scale fractional stochastic differential equations --- conditional Tsallis entropy --- wavelet transform --- hyperchaotic system --- Chua’s system --- permutation entropy --- neural network method --- Information transfer --- self-synchronous stream cipher --- colored noise --- Benettin method --- method of synchronization --- topological entropy --- geometric nonlinearity --- Kantz method --- dynamical system --- Gaussian white noise --- phase-locked loop --- wavelets --- Rosenstein method --- m-dimensional manifold --- deterministic chaos --- disturbation --- Mittag–Leffler function --- approximate entropy --- bounded chaos --- Adomian decomposition --- fractional calculus --- product MV-algebra --- Tsallis entropy --- descriptor fractional linear systems --- analytical solution --- fractional Brownian motion --- true chaos --- discrete mapping --- partition --- unbounded chaos --- fractional stochastic partial differential equation --- noise induced transitions --- random number generator --- Fourier spectrum --- hidden attractors --- (asymptotical) focal entropy point --- regular pencils --- continuous flow --- Bernoulli–Euler beam --- image encryption --- Gauss wavelets --- Lyapunov exponents --- discrete fractional calculus --- Lorenz system --- Schur factorization --- discrete chaos --- Wolf method